In terms of Ministry Decree 534/2007 Col. for the assessment, measurement or calculation of exposure to electromagnetic fields should be used only science-based standards, procedures and recommendations that allow to set the values for electromagnetic fields. VUJE, Inc. is actively engaged in issue of electromagnetic fields since 2005. In this area handled several major projects.

Among the most important are:

• Project. APVT-99-021604 "Research of electromagnetic radiation characteristics in the vicinity of electricity equipment HV and EHV of SR power system.
• Project. APVV-0399-06 "Research on the distribution of electric and magnetic fields in external substations of SR power system".

VUJE, Inc. also operates an accredited testing laboratory of electromagnetic fields.

Within the project Protection of the Slovak population against the effects of electromagnetic fields was for objectification achieved levels of electromagnetic fields used the following procedures:

Calculations of electromagnetic fields are the most important and the most complex activities performed in the project. All calculations were performed on realistic digital models of individual cities involved in the project. Each digital model includes:

• Real terrain profile.

  This is a digital terrain model processed photogram metrically by vector-mapping of terrain breakpoints edges and detailed terrain elevation points in a grid of 2 m x 2 m and 10 x 10 m.

• Three-dimensional models of buildings.

  Models of individual buildings are based on vector mapping of roofs perimeter of buildings on built territory of cities. Models of terrain and buildings were prepared on the basis of aerial photographs not older than in 2008.

• Models of electromagnetic fields sources.

  Individual sources of electromagnetic fields were modelled using a database of Office for the regulation of electronic communications and postal services. Data used in calculations were continuously updated. The results presented in www.emp.vuje.sk are not older than 2014. In the calculation each source is characterized by parameters such as location, the maximum allowable radiated power, radiation direction and radiation characteristics. For precise allocation of resources was necessary to use other available sources of information, such as determining the actual situation on location, orthophoto maps or other available sites on the Internet.

Only the transmitters with permitted radiated power (ERP) more than 4 W (according to the database of the Office for the regulation of electronic communications and postal services) were considered in the calculations.

Calculations were performed by using specialized software that takes into account the physics of electromagnetic waves (reflection, absorption and diffraction of electromagnetic waves). The power lines and transformer stations were not modelled in calculations because of not being part of the assigned projects.

The results of large-scale simulation calculations represent the spatial distribution of the electric field (E) in 1.7 m above the ground in a grid of 2 m x 2 m. The maximum permissible levels of radiated power for all modelled transmitters (no time power distribution) were used for the calculations, which represents the most unfavorable conditions in terms of the size of EMF in their area. The calculated values should thus represent the highest electric field intensity.

Measurements of electromagnetic fields were carried out by mobile units of measurement. These are passenger cars equipped with measuring equipment, the appropriate hardware and software. Development and testing of these measuring units were provided by specialists of VUJE, Inc. while using the extensive experience of VUJE with the development of measurement systems. Mobile measuring units allow automated measurements of several measuring devices in the range from 100 kHz to 18 GHz, nearly in all weather conditions. Measurement devices from company Narda were used to measure EMF. These are: selective measuring instrument SRM 3006 and broadband measuring instrument EMR 300 and its newer version NBM 550. Mobile measuring units were subjected to the test comparative measurements carried out by Research Institute of Communication in Banská Bystrica. Comparative measurements have shown that mobile measuring units were eligible to measure EMF. Measurements of electromagnetic fields also meet the requirements of national legislation and the requirements of current regulations dealing with the measurement of EMF (in particular STN EN 50413 and EN 50492). More than 49,000 measurements on approximately 18,000 locations were realized within the project since 2011.

While assessing the measured results it must be understood that many of the technologies used in telecommunications during day regulate its radiated power, and therefore, the measured values cannot be regarded as the maximum (other times can be measured even higher values of the electric field).

Also the monitoring of electromagnetic fields was made within the project. It was carried out by monitoring station AMS 8060 from NARDA, which is a selective measuring device with a frequency range from 75 MHz to 3 GHz Aim of the monitoring was to obtain information about EMF time courses in different frequency bands. List of individual bands is in the following table.

Range	Frequency [MHz]	Description
PP LOW	78-87	firefighters, police officers, municipal wireless radio, rescuers
FM	88-108	FM radio transmitters
PP HIGH	147-174	firefighters, police officers, municipal wireless radio, rescuers
TELEMETRIA	300-430	land mobile service
PMR	433-470	civilian walkie
DVBT	471-860	digital TV signal transmitters
SRD	863-870	network for short-range devices, radios, remote controls
GSM	917-960	cell phones
RADARY	960-1215	surveillance radar
IRT2000	1427-1516	defense systems, satellites
MODULFM	1776-1800	FM modulation lines
DCS1800	1810-1880	cell phones
DECT	1880-1900	wireless voice and data transmission
UMTS	2100-2170	3rd generation mobile network
MMDS	2200-2300	distribution network for the transmission of TV signals
WIFI	2400-2500	wireless network to connect to the Internet
MMDS2	2500-2700	ddistribution network for the transmission of TV signals
Total	75-3000	total measured intensity of the electric field

Monitoring station AMS 8060 was located in several places during the project, mainly on the roofs of residential high-rise buildings, or schools or buildings owned by the government. The monitoring results are available as a PDF document that contains information about the measurement position (GPS position, photo documentation of the installation site), and a graphical representation of the results in the form of the time course of the electric field and the interval range of values in each of the monitored band.